Neurotoxins: What are they & how do they work?

Neurotoxins are a biological substance produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, also known as botulinum toxin.

In nature, Clostridium botulinum bacteria are found in soil and can cause serious infections in animals and humans (i.e., Botulism). Different types of Botulinum toxin exist in nature (Types A-G), with Type A being the most important for aesthetics.

In cosmetic medicine, the safety of using neurotoxins to treat facial wrinkles has been well-established with 16+ years of research. In short, botulinum toxins are manufactured in relatively inactive and safe concentrations and have a localized effect when injected.

Wrinkle Types: Dynamic vs. Static

Dynamic Wrinkles: Lines that appear on the face with facial expressions and disappear at rest.
Static Wrinkles: Etched lines in the skin at rest.

When we frown or lift our forehead muscles, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released and is responsible for muscle contraction. Repeated muscle contractions and facial expressions cause these dynamic wrinkles to transform into static wrinkles.

Once your toxin of choice is injected, it requires ~24 - 72 hours to take effect and peaks at about 10-14 days.

During this time, the toxin is temporarily inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, and the muscles cannot contract with the same force. This muscle inhibition softens and relaxes lines while preventing new or worsening wrinkles.

Over time, your body’s metabolism will break down products, and re-treatment is needed every 3-6 months (depending on dose and toxin) to maintain its effects.